在英國學習的階段,很少碰到板起臉來的老師。一般鼓勵態度較多,學習起來確實比較輕鬆,或是鬆散,對自己的要求也不那麼嚴格。當然,還是有聽到朋友的老板,有嚴厲型的,而且還會損人的。
在英語寫作上,碰到一位印度裔的女老師。她的態度起初很高傲,而且十分冷漠。我起先有些不適應,因為之前的老師,大多頗為和善,而且總是會說你的文章很有趣,寫得很好之類。只有這個老師,要我每天拿文章來念,要我想清楚要表達些什麼意思,然後寫上二十遍、三十遍,想清楚自己要表達的方式。她說寫作是最困難的一件事。我自詡為快筆,很少認真看待自己的寫作內容,常常過於倉促。
她的觀點對我而言,確實有當頭棒喝的感覺。我需要在寫作上更加強,她說每天念文章半小時,讓語感進入我們的腦中。我希望每天這樣做,加上聽力練習,相信我會更進步的。
這是一個教學與學習分享的部落格,主題包括民主政治、政治思想、媒體、傳播、說服等。 歡迎留言或來信 chuanweihu@gmail.com 或可參見網站:「政治、溝通與生活」http://sites.google.com/site/huquanwei2010/
2013年6月19日 星期三
2013年6月18日 星期二
British Library: The Exhibition of Power and Propanganda
今日到大英圖書館,參觀一個名為權力與宣傳(power and propaganda)的展覽。這個展覽大抵在談操作性傳播(propaganda)的問題。其中,國家當然是主要角色,尤其是在戰爭期間,如何提振我方士氣,鼓勵婦女工作(尤其是原先被視為專屬男性的工作),改變飲食習慣(因糧食缺乏,原先吃火雞的,改為吃羊肉)等等;在對外方面,則是打擊敵軍士氣、讓對手恐懼等等。到了近代,有趣的是,宣傳無所不在,這其中包括對 於健康資訊的宣傳,展覽中都拿來檢討。最後則是Twitter的每分每秒的展示,這已經不是單方的,但是卻在引導性下,成為一種宣傳的樣貌。
其中有趣的,在於看到原書中對於「propaganda」最早出現的書。以及各國在戰爭期間的宣傳手法,其實就跟台灣以前的心理戰非常類似。另外,展覽將政府對於健康的宣傳,也視為一種宣傳。
其實,這裡有一個重要的預設,此時溝通的對象不是理性的個體,不是啓蒙。而比較接近的是面對「無知或不理性的群眾」。因為群眾無知,所以只能用比較極端的方式,利用恐嚇或是。即使視理性的個人,可能都會因為一時貪圖方便,結果闖紅燈,所以這種恐懼訴求的宣傳,手段激烈,但是知道個人不是機器人,只要接受指令,理性知識,就可以立即行動。
這裡就出現一個問題,根本否決宣傳與教育,認為理性個體,不需要恐嚇,誤導。但是,社會運作並非如此,有很大的群體,或現時尚,這些產生效果。譬如香煙盒上貼上警示圖案,這是一種propagnada,在理論上可以成立嗎?我覺得這是一個有趣的問題。如果可以接受。理由之一,是成癮性的問題。因為這些人不是理性的個體。因此,其他有害人體的產品,譬如酒、珍珠奶茶等等,政府不需要限制。可是,這種說法對於第一次買煙的人,也不公平。因為要性。一個是從群眾的特性著眼;一個是從政府的角色著眼。
外這裡也那時他們沒有成癮。而且,每個第一次的人,都沒有成隱。其次,倘若心理影響因素大的話,這種做法反而是惡化吸煙產生疾病的問題。這是一個值得進一步討論的議題。
另外,展覽中也有另外一個值得討論的話題。就在於媒體與政治的邏輯不同,媒體講求的消費者,若能有新聞性,通常就是出乎常理,譬如陰謀論等。但是,政治要能結合眾意,就是要事務照著常理走,讓群眾朝著政府設定的方向走,否則半途而廢。或者政府施政,受到制軸。換言之,這裡在討論的是政府宣傳的必要性。一個是從群眾的特性著眼;一個是從政府的角色著眼。
另外,還有一個角度是從媒體出發。政府可以運用媒體?
我覺得宣傳是一個值得探討的政治哲學議題。可以進一步發揮。
其中有趣的,在於看到原書中對於「propaganda」最早出現的書。以及各國在戰爭期間的宣傳手法,其實就跟台灣以前的心理戰非常類似。另外,展覽將政府對於健康的宣傳,也視為一種宣傳。
其實,這裡有一個重要的預設,此時溝通的對象不是理性的個體,不是啓蒙。而比較接近的是面對「無知或不理性的群眾」。因為群眾無知,所以只能用比較極端的方式,利用恐嚇或是。即使視理性的個人,可能都會因為一時貪圖方便,結果闖紅燈,所以這種恐懼訴求的宣傳,手段激烈,但是知道個人不是機器人,只要接受指令,理性知識,就可以立即行動。
這裡就出現一個問題,根本否決宣傳與教育,認為理性個體,不需要恐嚇,誤導。但是,社會運作並非如此,有很大的群體,或現時尚,這些產生效果。譬如香煙盒上貼上警示圖案,這是一種propagnada,在理論上可以成立嗎?我覺得這是一個有趣的問題。如果可以接受。理由之一,是成癮性的問題。因為這些人不是理性的個體。因此,其他有害人體的產品,譬如酒、珍珠奶茶等等,政府不需要限制。可是,這種說法對於第一次買煙的人,也不公平。因為要性。一個是從群眾的特性著眼;一個是從政府的角色著眼。
外這裡也那時他們沒有成癮。而且,每個第一次的人,都沒有成隱。其次,倘若心理影響因素大的話,這種做法反而是惡化吸煙產生疾病的問題。這是一個值得進一步討論的議題。
另外,展覽中也有另外一個值得討論的話題。就在於媒體與政治的邏輯不同,媒體講求的消費者,若能有新聞性,通常就是出乎常理,譬如陰謀論等。但是,政治要能結合眾意,就是要事務照著常理走,讓群眾朝著政府設定的方向走,否則半途而廢。或者政府施政,受到制軸。換言之,這裡在討論的是政府宣傳的必要性。一個是從群眾的特性著眼;一個是從政府的角色著眼。
另外,還有一個角度是從媒體出發。政府可以運用媒體?
我覺得宣傳是一個值得探討的政治哲學議題。可以進一步發揮。
2013年6月15日 星期六
Drink and dance
In Taiwan, I seldom have chance to drink. In my wife's family, nowadays drinking alcohol almost is forbidden for the reason of the parent's health. Although my mother likes to drink a little bit, I have rare opportunity to eat with her especially in an atmosphere of drink.
Coming to Sheffield two days later, my America friend invited me to drink with other classmates. On that day, we drink in at least three pubs. For me, it is really amazing. Those people came inside even without a seat but standing drink and talk. No one is dancing and no place. Only drink. For them, choosing a good taste is an important decision. I went to the pub several times to celebrate friend's birthday, ViVA past or just hang out. However, I never saw place to dance.
Once, one of my friends invited me to a club with dance place. I was happy to try and know no there was no possibility that someone would be interested in us for we are foreigners. To my surprise, my friend was really fit in the dance club. He dance awkwardly but had his own style. Many young persons are interested in his dances. We can be gather around buy many persons. Anyway, it's a interesting experience. However, the music is terrible loudly. If people often worked or danced here, their ear must get hurt. On the other hand, to know how to dance is good and can enjoy the time.
I know my limits and that's my life. I am glad have a chance to see how it look like and know once that it's not my life there.
Coming to Sheffield two days later, my America friend invited me to drink with other classmates. On that day, we drink in at least three pubs. For me, it is really amazing. Those people came inside even without a seat but standing drink and talk. No one is dancing and no place. Only drink. For them, choosing a good taste is an important decision. I went to the pub several times to celebrate friend's birthday, ViVA past or just hang out. However, I never saw place to dance.
Once, one of my friends invited me to a club with dance place. I was happy to try and know no there was no possibility that someone would be interested in us for we are foreigners. To my surprise, my friend was really fit in the dance club. He dance awkwardly but had his own style. Many young persons are interested in his dances. We can be gather around buy many persons. Anyway, it's a interesting experience. However, the music is terrible loudly. If people often worked or danced here, their ear must get hurt. On the other hand, to know how to dance is good and can enjoy the time.
I know my limits and that's my life. I am glad have a chance to see how it look like and know once that it's not my life there.
![]() |
| After midnight, there are still a lot of people more than in day time. |
2013年6月13日 星期四
The curious child
I attended a lecture with regard to the curiosity of the child and the museum. I like to listen different lectures. On the one hand, it helps me to learn different things, that exactly why I am here. On the other hand, it's good for me to practice my English ability.
This talk gives me three points:
1. We praise the curiosity of the child, but we don't like "childish" adult. If a adult has too many curiosities, we will despise them as childish?
2. One audience asked about relationship of the curiosity. I felt sick for people always thought of Foucault. It's a little bit unhealthy. Not everything should be involved with power or there are more interesting perspectives. Why should we choose a dark side?
3. In fact, most museums are not friendly with children. Therefore, I think if the museum curator could pay attention of the curiosity of the children. That is good.
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
Original Information :
The Curious Child
5:15pm, Tuesday 11 June, Humanities Research Institute, Gell Street, Sheffield
The 'Curious Child' is a familiar figure in literature, popular culture and science. In children's books, curious children range from mischievous young figures to restless adventurers. In Developmental and Educational Psychology, too, children are understood through curiosity, and curiosity through childhood. This session explores the figure of the curious child, attempting to distinguish myth from reality. It brings together a series of cultural critics and curators whose work is either about or for children. The speakers will each bring and speak about a 'curiosity' from their museum collection or library.
Kim Streets, Director of Museums Sheffield, will chair the session. The Speakers are: Rachel Mulhearn, Curator and former Director of Merseyside Maritime Museum; David Rudd, Professor of Children's Literature, University of Bolton; and Lyndsey Mackay, Curator of Curious Exhibition, St. Mungo's Musem, Glasgow.
WAS: Writing Advisory Service_some comments
These days just ended the exam week and starts summer vacation. The summer school for language does not begin yet. Therefore, this week the English language center offer many opportunities for writing advisory service. In the past, I could only register about once two week. This week I can go there for one hour every day. It's really useful to revise my paper and have some basic English conversation.
Yesterday, I prepare a draft of paper but the tutor seems not so interested in it. However, we started to have a very long conversation. In the beginning, I introduced the history of Taiwan and China. In fact, it's a very familiar topic for me. I have introduced this one for several times. Later, I felt a little boring. I ask her questions about Britain. She said that Britain is in a mud situation. They feel the economics are very bad. Comparing with decades ago, still in their memory, their life is much better and know their future would be better. However, these years people changed a lot. She though that selfishness becomes more serious. Many of the young generation only think about themselves. They don't think about obligation but rights only. Moreover, drug and alcohol are much serious problems for them. Those hurt rational and reasoning. People cannot think rationally. Immigrants are problems, too. Too many people abuse the welfare and then the government cut the budget more and more. Therefore, she thought the discontent is serious and easily to have a riot.
Yesterday, I prepare a draft of paper but the tutor seems not so interested in it. However, we started to have a very long conversation. In the beginning, I introduced the history of Taiwan and China. In fact, it's a very familiar topic for me. I have introduced this one for several times. Later, I felt a little boring. I ask her questions about Britain. She said that Britain is in a mud situation. They feel the economics are very bad. Comparing with decades ago, still in their memory, their life is much better and know their future would be better. However, these years people changed a lot. She though that selfishness becomes more serious. Many of the young generation only think about themselves. They don't think about obligation but rights only. Moreover, drug and alcohol are much serious problems for them. Those hurt rational and reasoning. People cannot think rationally. Immigrants are problems, too. Too many people abuse the welfare and then the government cut the budget more and more. Therefore, she thought the discontent is serious and easily to have a riot.
2013年6月11日 星期二
轉貼:破英語,讓你走進全世界!
學英文並不難,趨勢大師大前研一強調,所謂一口好英語,並不是指英語流暢,而是文法或語言都不正確的「破英文」。重點在於,能否用英文傳達出你想傳達的訊息,而不是說出多完美的英文。
「一隻指南針與船舵皆已失靈、等待沉沒的船隻,」優衣庫(Uniqlo)創辦人柳井正曾如此形容日本。針對日本新鮮人的調查顯示,社會新鮮人有一半不願意到國外工作,認為風險太高,也沒有吸引力。柳井正說「年輕人不具競爭意識,對自己的能力沒有自信,更不認為自己是國際人才。」
針對此問題,趨勢大師大前研一在《放膽去闖》一書中提到解方。日本企業要走出去,要先掌握有利的商業武器:一是培育國際級的領導人才,二是儘速提升英語力。
這些病徵聽起來很熟悉?日本的問題,也是台灣的問題;大前研一提出的兩個方法更是相輔相成,是台灣企業需要的政策,也是年輕人突破困境的必備條件。
用英文傳達訊息,而非說出完美文法
所幸,我們看到部分台灣企業,因為服務全球客戶、管理聯繫海內外據點,積極培養員工英語能力。例如,衛浴及櫥櫃設備品牌製造商成霖企業,不只是銷售、研發部門,就連行政財會、人力資源等部門工作人員,都必須具備撰寫英語電子郵件,和進行英語視訊會議的能力。
所幸,我們看到部分台灣企業,因為服務全球客戶、管理聯繫海內外據點,積極培養員工英語能力。例如,衛浴及櫥櫃設備品牌製造商成霖企業,不只是銷售、研發部門,就連行政財會、人力資源等部門工作人員,都必須具備撰寫英語電子郵件,和進行英語視訊會議的能力。
再看科技業的例子,趨勢科技一開始就自我定位為跨國企業,以英文溝通深植於企業文化,但趨勢仍不忘找機會精進員工的英語溝通力。以每年舉辦的工程師高峰會(engineer camp)為例,決賽隊伍還要做6分鐘英語簡報。這當中,趨勢科技針對各隊給予英語簡報訓練,藉此刺激員工學習慾和表現慾。
但大多數企業還是欠缺語言管理工具。
學英文說起來老生常談,卻是許多人心中的痛。你上一次下定決心學英文是什麼時候?總是付了大筆錢給補習班,上課時間卻漸漸讓天氣變化和朋友邀約侵蝕。
其實學英文不難。大前研一在《低IQ時代》中將英語能力列為謀生3神器之一,但他也強調「所謂一口好英語,並不是指英語流暢。因為世界共通的語言並不是英語,而是文法或語言都不正確的『破英文』。」
因為英語只是世界上8%的人的母語,對絕大部分的人來說,英文只是第二語言。所以重點在於,你能否用英文傳達出你想傳達的訊息,而不是說出多完美的英文。
而且,所謂的破英文也已經自成一格,甚至以「新語言」的姿態現身。前IBM法國分公司總經理尚保羅‧奈易耶(Jean-Paul Nerrière),就提倡以簡化到只有1500字的輕巧版英文,取代字彙多如牛毛的英文,叫做「世界通英語」(Globish)。Globish在日、韓掀起風潮,日本樂天、優衣庫都要求員工學習Globish;韓國也出現許多教導Globish的補習班。
隨時鍛鍊英語腦,隨時派上用場
你的目標,是能自然地以英語在職場上溝通,也就是擁有面對不同場合,也能以英語直覺反應的英語腦。透過打造英語腦的幾個練習,你可以:
你的目標,是能自然地以英語在職場上溝通,也就是擁有面對不同場合,也能以英語直覺反應的英語腦。透過打造英語腦的幾個練習,你可以:
1.敢開口說英文:Globish鼓勵不完美的英文,講得不好,各種國籍的人更好溝通。
2.少背單字:Globish強調只用1500個單字,字彙不再是煩惱。
3.彈性學習:YouTube學習法,1分鐘空檔也能學,兼具休閒娛樂與學習功效。
4.現學現用:視訊會議、向外籍上司報告、跟外國人寒暄常用短句,背了馬上用。
5.救急查證機制:學會Google翻譯指令,讓Google幫你改英文。
6.扎實語言地基:捨棄複雜文法,比較中英文語言概念基本差異,掌握英文氣味。
7.擁有專屬英語資料庫:收集最想表達的句子,想用馬上查得到。
2.少背單字:Globish強調只用1500個單字,字彙不再是煩惱。
3.彈性學習:YouTube學習法,1分鐘空檔也能學,兼具休閒娛樂與學習功效。
4.現學現用:視訊會議、向外籍上司報告、跟外國人寒暄常用短句,背了馬上用。
5.救急查證機制:學會Google翻譯指令,讓Google幫你改英文。
6.扎實語言地基:捨棄複雜文法,比較中英文語言概念基本差異,掌握英文氣味。
7.擁有專屬英語資料庫:收集最想表達的句子,想用馬上查得到。
三星是企業提升英語力成功的典範。三星企業前總裁李健熙在1990年代進行企業改革後,即以成為世界一流企業為目標,因此三星十分重視員工的語言能力,一般員工的錄取標準是多益(TOEIC)900分(滿分990分),員工要晉升課長則必須達到920分。
反觀台灣,美國教育測驗服務社(ETS,Educational Testing Service)台灣區代表忠欣公司2012年發表「台灣1000大企業員工英語能力調查報告」。調查指出,台灣企業對多益要求是550分,韓國是700分。這巨大的差距,反映出兩國的企業發展現狀。企業經營者與人力資源主管也應該建立公司的語言管理工具,制定語言政策。
發揮商業與經濟效益的英文並不難,卻是企業和個人發展一定要走的一條路。
(撰文 / 張玉琦 編輯 / 郭明琪,本文取材自《經理人月刊》2013年1月號)
2013年6月10日 星期一
轉貼:戴勝益:22K元凶是菜英文!
名列幸福企業,照樣哀嘆人才難尋
戴勝益:22K元凶是菜英文!
撰文者:朱紀中、許家綸 整理者:許家綸
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2012年國內大學畢業生起薪倒退嚕,而且是亞洲4小龍國家中唯一沒有成長的地區。今年景氣稍見復甦,人力銀行業者預估,年輕人起薪會小幅增長。不過,公司員工多達1 萬3,000人的王品集團董事長戴勝益直言:「台灣年輕人起薪低,最大原因就在不會講英文,22K的元凶就是不重視英文!」
王品連續2年登上媒體調查「新世代最嚮往企業」第1名及「幸福企業」前3名,戴勝益也不斷用新制度鼓勵各階層員工。例如,為了鼓勵工讀生,2年前王品將年終獎金發放對象擴及公司6,500名工讀生;為了讓中階主管穩定,今年開始執行員工持股信託計劃,公司每年將因此增加1.5億至2億元費用。為了鼓勵員工不斷學習,王品的店長1個月平均只有15天在店裡工作,其他時間不是休假、騎車, 就是在受訓、上課。
不過,即使如此樂意給員工高薪、好福利,戴勝益照樣哀嘆:「企業人才難尋!」為什麼連這樣的「幸福企業」都找不到適合的員工?戴勝益又為什麼認為,台灣年輕人薪水拉不高,問題出在英文能力差?趁著畢業季到來,《Smart》智富月刊特別專訪這位深受年輕世代喜愛的連鎖餐飲龍頭董事長,請他剖析自己用人的標準。以下是專訪紀要:
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